Uganda's Constitutional Court upheld the Anti-Homosexuality Act, including the death penalty for 'aggravated homosexuality'; the first case under it was dropped in 2026 after the defendant was found of unsound mind following long remand

On April 3, 2024, Uganda's Constitutional Court declined to nullify the Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023, upholding up to life imprisonment for consensual same-sex conduct and the death penalty for 'aggravated homosexuality', while striking down provisions restricting healthcare access, criminalizing renting premises, and the duty to report. The first prosecution began in August 2023 when a then-20-year-old man from Soroti was charged; he was initially charged with aggravated homosexuality, and in January 2024 prosecutors amended the charge to 'carnal knowledge against the order of nature', which carries life imprisonment.