Cuba's Ministry of Justice prosecutes doctors who quit the regime's forced-labor export missions.

The State Department's 2025 Trafficking in Persons Report found a 'government policy or pattern' of forced labor in Cuba's labor export program, including its overseas medical missions, from which the Cuban government profits. The report states Ministry of Justice authorities 'continued to be complicit in state labor export schemes by prosecuting people who left regime-sponsored labor export programs due to exploitation and forced labor,' and that regime officials 'intimidated and threatened the families of workers who did not complete a mission.' The Cuban government confiscates 75-95% of the wages host countries pay per worker, extracting an estimated $4.9 billion in 2022 revenue while paying workers only a small stipend.